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2014/11

污染

谦卑地顶礼于我们最敬爱的薄伽梵斯里沙迪亚赛峇峇的莲花足下

亲爱的兄弟姐妹，

今天有两大问题困扰着世界。一个是污染的问题，另一个是人口的问题。所有国家都为了解决这两大问题而加以调查，审核，然而，却得不到解决的方案，特别是污染的问题，更是束手无策。关于这一点，我谦逊地引你注意，薄伽梵对这‘污染’主题的看法。就让我们在个人层面上讨论这问题吧！薄伽梵经常谈及在个人层面上的转变与革新。个人层面的转变肯定带来社区层面的转变。当社区转变时，整个国家也跟着转变。因此，关键在于个人。让我们思索人的三种成分：1）肉身，2）心念，3）智能。

首先，让我们看看薄伽梵对肉身方面的见解，看它是如何被影响和污染的。肉身受到污染。如何测知它受到污染？它有什么征兆？答案很简单。当肉身不受到好好照顾时，它就会病倒。疾病就是肉身受到污染的明证。我们必须了解疾病产生的原因。薄伽梵就有关肉身污染的简单原因，把祂独特方式的一个答案给了我们。最近，当薄伽梵在平达弯时，祂说，“看，我已年届七十，但我的牙齿仍然健在。我的耳朵还能听到远处细微的声音。”然后祂莞尔而笑并说，“在此我不涉及神性。”然后我问，“薄伽梵，若不是神性，那么是什么原因使您的身体这么硬朗？”

薄伽梵一言以蔽之，“滥用感官导致身体衰弱。你们都很衰弱，因为你们滥用感官。而我的感官只用于人类的福祉上。我无私地利用我的感官，而你们的感官则用在自私的目的上。那就是你们罹患疾病的原因，导致你们配戴眼镜，助听器和假牙。”

所以，当我们为了自私的原因而滥用感官时，有何补救的方法吗？让我试图对这主题做一个有系统的检讨。预防之策是什么？如何察知身体不受到污染或不受到污染而导致疾病。薄伽梵给的答案如下：

“不听恶，只听善；不言恶，只言善；不思恶，只思善；不视恶，只视善。”

这就是为不让身体受到污染而做的预防步骤。第二个治疗步骤是这样的。你可知道为什么天赋予你以此肉身？环游世界吗？不，不！天赋予你此肉身就是要让你服务人群。不是为了世俗的欢乐而赋予的。天赋的身体就是服务人群。服务人就是服务神。你可知道为什么天赋予你以智能？为了赚钱？不，天赋的智能就是要让你认识世界是短暂的，而无物是永恒的。你可知道为什么天赋予你以手？为了吃？不！为了膜拜神。你可知道为什么天赋予你以脚？让你走遍大街小巷？你并非到处乱蹦的街犬。薄伽梵经常告诉在宿舍的男生，“孩子，不要一个房间又一个房间去串门，只有猫和老鼠才这么做。”天赋的脚是要你巡游庙宇或进行朝圣。你可知道为什么天赋予你以耳朵？是聆听流言蜚语或无谓的闲聊？不，是聆听神的Leelas（荣耀）和峇赞。你可知道为什么天赋予你以舌头？是说人坏话？不，是赞唱神的荣耀（这是薄伽梵所作的诗歌的意思）。在这诗歌里，你会了解预防的步骤并使身体免受污染。最佳的步骤是：通过利用身体去服务，视善，行善，朝圣，从而达至感官的控制。这些都是外在的步骤。身体有两个层面：1）外在的干净 2）内在的纯净。

与外在干净相关的事物很多，如经常洗澡等。这是不让身体受到污染的方法。所以，第一个层次是肉体的污染。接下来是第二个层次，精神的污染。心念也受到污染。你如何知道心念受到污染？脸是心念的标志。污化的心念是不安的和不平静的。污化的心念往往是可悲的。所以，肉体的污化导致疾病，而精神的污化带来不快与不安。那么，这精神的污化是什么原因呢？是什么因素造成精神的污化？

共有六大因素：在跟学生讲话时，薄伽梵给了许多实例。在此，薄伽梵的大学已采纳了一个完整的教育体系，于是，在上正课的时候，老师也常应用薄伽梵的福音作为辅助教材，从而使教育的传授得以全面化和完整化。它是一个整体的见解和理念。

为什么心念会受到污染？如果你聆听不良的事情，心念就会受到污染。在《罗摩衍那》中，具有说明这事实的许多例子。Dasaratha（十车王）第三个王妃 Kaikeyi（吉迦伊），她之爱罗摩远甚于罗摩的亲生母亲，Kausalya（憍萨里雅）。她给罗摩的爱是无际无边的，但因为她听了 Manthara（曼塔罗）的谗言，于是她的心念就被污染了。所以，聆听不正的事物，心念会被污染。由于吉迦伊让这等事情有机可乘，从而导致罗摩的放逐与十车王的驾崩。心念因不良的思想而被污化。

根据薄伽梵的说法，心念是不存在的。世上没有像‘心念’的这一类的东西。所以，如果你问任何一个人，心念是什么，他会说，‘never mind’（别担心）。如果你问任何一个人，有什么事，他会说，‘Does not matter’（不要紧的事）。根据薄伽梵，心念不是什么而仅是一束的思想而已。为了让我们了解这真相，祂经常拿手帕作为例子来阐明。一张手帕充满着线。这些线非常紧密地编织在一起，然而，一旦把线拆开，手帕就不存在了。所以，薄伽梵说，思想构成心念。除却思想，心念就不复存在。再者，心念非他而是重述，回忆。‘ Mananaath iti Manah’（那被重复的）。

那重复的就是心念；它把过去的记忆带回来。因此，心念是一束束的思想并因为这个原因而被污染。在《摩诃婆罗多》（Mahabharata）中，我们看到一个邪恶性格的Duryodhana（难敌）。他满怀邪念，从不间断，而又充满着嗔怒和妒忌。他的心念完全被污染因而想要彻底歼灭般达瓦族人（Pandavas）。一个污化的心念会毫不犹豫地做任何邪恶的事情。所有邪恶的行径，如盗窃和谋杀，都是由于污化的心念而犯上的。因此，污化的心念是不安和不快乐的，由于不正的听闻和不正的思考，还有就是进食翳质（thamasic）食物的缘故。食动物的肉会使到一个人的心念成为动物的心念。为了这个原因，薄伽梵劝导我们不要吃荤。如何察知心念处于平衡，平和与至福的一个完美状况？在此方向，薄伽梵的教诲是什么？

1）行李少，舒适多，使旅途愉快。

2）欲望的最高限制。

当你限制了欲望的最高点时，你的心念就处于至福的境界，因为欲望的压力减轻了。心念拥有没有止境的欲望。一个欲望实践了，另一个欲望随即产生。这导致自我和傲慢。当欲望得不到充实时，心念于是陷入一个挫折与沮丧的境况。当欲望实现时，你没有理由感到高兴，因为你从那儿得到的快乐会使你产生自我与傲慢的感觉。当欲望没有实现时，心念感到沮丧，而用薄伽梵的话来说就是，他戴上‘蓖麻油脸’（castor oil face）了。当祂不拿你的信和避开你时，你的脸就变成蓖麻油脸。精神污染的第二个补救步骤就是限制欲望和进行静坐。薄伽梵经常举这个例子。‘Manaeva manushyanaam karanam bandha mokshayoh’（梵文诗句）。使你受到束缚的心念也能使你得到解脱。心念没有两个。如果他是用脑的，他就会观察到多样性。一个人应该留心注意而不是用脑力。同样的心念该对这两种体验的层面负责。

为了让我们易于理解，薄伽梵举一个锁头与锁匙的例子。如果你把锁匙转向一边，它就锁上；如果你转向另一边，它就开锁。同样的锁匙，转向一边就上锁，转向另一边就开锁。差别出在锁匙的转向。同理，身体有如锁头，心念有如锁匙。若心念转向世界，它就把你锁住，即束缚。若心念转向神，它就把你开锁，即超脱。因此，就让我们把心念转向神吧！转向神是坐禅。坐禅应该集中专注，热衷认真。‘Dhyana’是静虑于神，而‘Para-dhyana’是静虑于世界。这是预防头脑被污染的两个步骤。

现在，我们来到第三个的‘智能污染’。心念与智能之间有何不同？心念思考而智能决定。心念感觉而智能分辨。心念是感性的而智能则以识别和判断见称。同样，智能也会受到污染。智能怎么受到污染的？我们利用智能支持我们的行动。即便在一个地方建有许多大学，拥有许多受高深教育的人士，我们还是看到高等法庭，律师，辩护人等。人们继续斗争和支持他们的行动。他们利用他们的智能去欺骗他人。如何测知智能受到污染？通过自我中心和自私自利，智能污染得以散发。肉身污染导致疾病，精神污染导致不快乐而智能污染导致自私。关于智能，薄伽梵有什么看法？智能辨别。辨别有两种，1）个人的辨别 2）基本的辨别。

基于个人立场去辨别，及，以自私的目的作为正当理由的智能就是个人的辨别。另一方面，智能的辨别是对他人有益的，促使为社会谋福利的行动的，就叫做基本的辨别。智能必须沿循着基本的辨别去辨析，如，什么是对每个人好的，无论什么时候，无论我们做什么事情，以避开智能的污染。

所以，亲爱的兄弟姐妹，污染是一大问题，今天它正升高至一种现象的程度。有统计显示，两百种鱼类面临灭绝危机，五百种鱼类将在不久的将来完全灭绝。同时，另外一套统计资料说明，有四万种动物因环境污染而面临灭绝危机。你或可参阅有关污染问题的一大堆书籍，但我想带你去看看，薄伽梵对有关身体，心念和智能的污染所提供的见解。

声音污染。要如何控制声音污染？薄伽梵说，“说话语气要温柔与温馨。”只有在静谧的深处，你才能听到神的声音。祂告诉学生们，话多会丧失记忆力，能量并让虚伪有立足的余地。是故，要控制舌头。

再者，薄伽梵说，身体的每一个部分都有一个特别的机能。眼睛看得到但听不到。所以，各个部分都有其特别机能。然而，舌头所执行的有两个机能：说话与品尝。薄伽梵有一次说，“观察你的舌头，你可以从中学到教训。虽然受到强而有力的牙齿的包围，舌头藏在里面，伸缩自如而没有被牙齿所割破。舌头非常小心谨慎，退避任何伤害。另一点就是，舌头传授牺牲的教诲。它可以品尝任何东西，但绝不会据为己有，而它摈弃苦涩和难吃的食物。所以，它教导判断力和牺牲的课业。是故，声音污染可以凭借说话语气的温柔与温馨而加以控制，同时尽量维持静默。当你听到乌鸦在外头喧叫时，你总要把牠们赶走。然而，布谷鸟的歌声甜美，令人百听不厌。所以同样，你应该照着这样的方式说话，使他人愿意听你说话而感到愉悦。

接下来的是空气污染。让我参考‘Blitz’杂志总编辑卡兰迦先生的一篇文章。他写道，“在黎明时分，当信徒们环绕那四周山丘围绕的圣洁山谷的和平之所，百善地尼乐园，步行时，我们发觉信徒们口诵‘Omkara’，处处洋溢着 Omkara 的共鸣。它使人想起光荣的过去。当他们环绕赞唱神的荣耀时，周遭的空气就被净化了。” 是的，今天，人类知道如何去开发，但他却不知道如何去表达对神的感恩。Dasara（达萨拉）节庆时执行yagnas（火祭）。Yagnas 是对神所创造的美丽万物致意和感恩的行动。在进行火祭时所念诵的Mantra（真言）能净化周围的空气。可爱的万物不是什么而是祂的反映 --“Sarvam Vishnumayam Jagath”。每一物皆有一个目的。所以，解决空气污染的方法就是重复念诵“ Omkara ”。解决声音污染的方法就是说话语气要温馨和温柔。

接下来的是水污染。由于食水已经那么地被污化了，所以薄伽梵祂自己扛下安德拉邦安南达布县水供工程计划，而今天维护食水的计划已经实行了。细胞的原生浆（生命流体）就是‘protoplasm’（原生质）。它含百分之九十的水。所以，水是神圣的。它是维系生命的力量。薄伽梵已提供食水给七百个乡村，耗资约六十亿卢比。记得，水是神圣的！我们不应该污染和浪费天赐的水，因为它是赐予生命的力量。因此，我的朋友，我想我在传达薄伽梵对于空气污染，水污染和声音污染方面的见解或观点是公平公正的。所有这些污染，其解决之道在于念诵祂的圣号和静虑祂的形相。

Jai Sai Ram.

取自《薄伽梵斯里沙迪亚赛峇峇普及和实用的教导》第21章

Pollution

Humble salutations at the Lotus Feet of our most beloved Bhagavan Sri Sathya Sai Baba.

Dear brothers and sisters,

There are two problems that are bothering the world today. One is the problem of pollution and the other, population. People of all countries have been making investigations for solving these two problems, but they could not find any solution, especially to the problems of pollution. In this context, I humbly bring to your attention, Bhagavan’s views on this topic, ‘Pollution’. Let us study at the individual level. Bhagavan always speaks of transformation and reformation at the individual level. Transformation at the individual level will certainly lead to transformation at the community level. When the community is transformed the whole nation is transformed. Therefore, the whole thing centres around the individual. Let us think of the three components of human (homo sapiens); 1.Body, 2.Mind, and 3.Intellect.

In the first place, let us know Bhagavan’s views on the body, how it becomes affected and polluted. The body is polluted. How to know that the body is polluted? What are the symptoms of that pollution? The answer is quite simple. When the body is not well maintained, it becomes sick. Sickness is the evidence that the body is polluted. We have to understand the reason that leads us to the sickness. The body is polluted for the simple reason which Bhagavan gave as an answer in His inimitable way. Recently, when Bhagavan was in Brindavan, He said, “Look here, I am seventy. Yet, My teeth are strong. I can hear even the slightest sound from a long distance.” Then He smiled and said, “I am not speaking of Divinity here.” Then I asked, “Bhagavan, if it is not Divinity, what is responsible for your body being so strong?”

Bhagavan replied in one sentence, “Misuse of the senses will make the body weak. You are all weak, because you misuse your senses, whereas, my senses are used only for the welfare of mankind. My senses are put to use selflessly, whereas, your senses are used for selfish purposes. That is the reason for your falling sick, for your wearing glasses, and using hearing aids and artificial teeth.”

So, when body is polluted, because of the misuse of the senses for selfish reasons, what are the remedial means? Let me try to make a systematic approach to the subject. What are the preventive measures? How to see that body is not polluted or polluted to fall sick. Bhagavan has given the answer as follows:

“Hear no evil, hear what is good; Talk no evil, talk what is good; Think no evil, think what is good; See no evil, see what is good.”

This is the preventive measure in order to keep the body free from pollution. The second curative measure is this. You know why the body is gifted? Is it to go around the world? No, no! This body is gifted to serve mankind. It is not given for worldly pleasures. Body is given to render service to humanity. Service to Mankind is Service to God. You know why the intellect is given? Is it to earn money? No. It is given to know that the world is ephemeral and nothing is permanent. You know why the hands are given? Is it to eat? No, no! To worship God. You know why legs are given? Is it to walk about lanes and streets? You are not a street dog to move around. Bhagavan always tells the boys in the hostels, “Boys, do not go from room to room. Only cats and rats move like that.” The legs are given to circumambulate the temples and go on pilgrimages. You know why ears are given? Is it to listen to gossip and useless talk? No, to hear the Leelas (glories) of God and Bhajans. You know why the tongue is given? Is it to talk ill of others? No, to sing the glory of God (This is the meaning of the poem composed by Bhagavan). In this poem, you will understand the preventive measures to keep body free from pollution. The best measure is: Control of the senses by making use of the body through service, seeing good, doing good, going on pilgrimages. These are the external measures. Body has these two aspects: (1) external cleanliness (2) internal cleanliness.

There are many that relate to the external cleanliness, like taking a bath regularly. This is the way to keep body free from physical pollution. So, the first level is physical pollution. Next we come to the second level, mental pollution. The mind is also polluted. How do you know that the mind is polluted? The face is the index of the mind. The mind which is polluted will be restless and without peace. The mind which is polluted will be constantly miserable. So, physical pollution leads to sickness, while mental pollution leads to unhappiness and restlessness. Then, what are the reasons for this mental pollution? What are the factors that lead to mental pollution?

There are six factors: Bhagavan gave a number of examples while talking to the students. Bhagavan’s University here, has adopted an integrated system of education where, while teaching academic courses the teachers apply Bhagavan’s message so that, the education imparted may be comprehensive and complete. It is a holistic view.

Why does the mind get polluted? If you listen to bad things the mind gets polluted. There are examples in the Ramayana to illustrate this fact. Kaikeyi, the third queen of King Dasaratha, loved Rama more than Rama’s own mother, Kausalya. Her love for him was boundless, but because she listened to the words of Manthara, her mind got polluted. So, the mind is polluted by listening to evil things. Since, Kaikeyi gave scope to such vices, it led to Rama’s exile and the death of King Dasaratha. The mind is polluted because of bad thoughts.

According to Bhagavan, mind is non-existent. There is nothing like ‘mind’. So, if you ask anybody what mind is, he will say ‘never mind’. If you ask anybody what matter is, he will say, ‘Does not matter’. According to Bhagavan, the mind is nothing but a bundle of thoughts. In order to drive home this truth, He often gives the example of a handkerchief. A handkerchief is full of threads. These threads are closely interwoven, but once the threads are removed, the kerchief does not exist any longer. So, Bhagavan says that the thoughts constitute the mind. Bereft of thoughts, the mind is non-existent. Again, the mind is nothing but recapitulation, memory. ‘Mananaath iti Manah’ (That which is repeated).

Mind is the one which recapitulates; it is the one that brings back to memory the past events. Therefore, the mind is a bundle of thoughts and it is polluted for this reason. In the Mahabharata, we have a wicked character, Duryodhana. He constantly had wicked thoughts and was full of anger and jealousy. His mind was totally polluted, and he wanted to destroy the Pandavas completely. A polluted mind will not hesitate to do any evil deed. All wicked actions like theft and murders are committed due to a polluted mind. Therefore, a polluted mind is restless and unhappy, because of bad hearing and bad thinking, and also eating thamasic food. The animal flesh which one partakes, makes one’s mind an animal mind. Bhagavan for this reason, advises us not to partake non-vegetarian food. How to see that the mind is kept in a perfect state of balance, peace and bliss? What are Bhagavan’s precepts in this direction?

1) Less luggage, more comfort, make travel a pleasure.

2) Ceiling on desires.

When you put a ceiling on desires the mind is in a state of bliss, because the pressure of desire is reduced. The mind has endless desires. The fulfilment of one desire leads to another desire. This leads to ego and pride. When desires are not fulfilled, the mind goes into a state of depression and frustration. There is no reason to feel happy when desires are fulfilled, since the happiness you get out of them will make you feel egoistic and proud. When desires are not fulfilled, the mind gets depressed and in the words of Bhagavan, one puts on a ‘castor oil’ face. When He does not take a letter from you and avoids you, you put on a castor oil face. The second remedial measure for mental pollution is ceiling on desires and meditation. Bhagavan always gives this example. ‘Manaeva manushyanaam karanam bandha mokshayoh’ (Sanskrit Verse). The mind, which is responsible for your bondage, is also responsible for your liberation. There are no two minds. If he is mental, he will observe multiplicity. One should be mindful and not mental. The same mind is responsible for both the levels of experience.

To make things easier for us to understand, Bhagavan gives the example of a lock and key. If you turn the key to one side, it is locked; if you turn it to the other side, it is unlocked. The same key locks on one side and unlocks on the other. The difference is in the turning of the key. Likewise, body is a lock, mind is its key. If it is turned towards the world, it is locked, bondage. If the mind is turned towards God, it is unlocked, liberation. Therefore, let us turn our mind towards God. Turning towards God is meditation. Meditation should however be concentrated and intense. ‘Dhyana’ is meditation on God, whereas, ‘Para-dhyana’ is meditation on the world. These are the two preventive measures for mental pollution.

Now, we come to the third one, ‘intellectual pollution’. What is the difference between the mind and the intellect? The mind thinks, whereas the intellect decides. The mind feels, whereas, the intellect discriminates. The mind is emotional, while the intellect is noted for discrimination and discretion. All the same, the intellect too suffers from pollution. How is the intellect polluted? We make use of the intellect to support our actions. Even in a place which is full of Universities and educated people we find high courts, lawyers, advocates, etc. People continue to fight and support their actions. They make use of their intelligence to deceive and cheat others. How to detect that the intellect is polluted? The pollution of the intellect transpires through the self-centredness and selfishness. Physical pollution leads to sickness, mental pollution to unhappiness and intellectual pollution to selfishness. What are the views of Bhagavan regarding the intellect? The intellect discriminates. There are two types of discriminations (1) individual discrimination (2) fundamental discrimination.

The intellect that discriminates on individual grounds and justifies for selfish purposes, is individual discrimination. On the other hand, discrimination of the intellect is beneficial to others. Prompting actions that are beneficial to society is called fundamental discrimination. So, the intellect has to discriminate along the lines of fundamental discrimination like what is good for everybody, for all times, whatever we are supposed to do, so as to get away from the intellectual pollution.

So, dear brothers and sisters, pollution is a problem rising to the dimension of a phenomenon today. There are statistics that two hundred varieties of fish stand the risk of extinction, five hundred varieties of fish may be totally extinct in the near future. Also, another set of statistical data states that forty thousand animals stand the risk of total extinction because of pollution. You may come upon a large number of books on pollution, but I wish to bring to you Bhagavan’s view on pollution concerning the body, mind and intellect.

Noise pollution. How to control noise pollution? Bhagavan says, “Speak softly and sweetly.” It is only in the depths of silence that the voice of God can be heard. He tells the students that by talking too much, they lose their memory, energy and give scope for falsehood. Therefore, exercise control over the tongue.

Further, Bhagavan says that every part of the body has a specific function. The eyes can see, but not hear. So, every part has a specific function. But the tongue performs two functions: it can talk and taste. Bhagavan once said, “Observe your tongue, you can learn lessons from that. Though there are powerful teeth all around, the tongue hides and withdraws without being cut. The tongue is very careful and withdraws itself from any harm. The next point is that the tongue teaches the lesson of sacrifice. It may taste everything but never keeps anything for itself, whereas, it rejects bitter and unpalatable things. So, it teaches the lesson of judgement and sacrifice. Thus, noise pollution can be controlled by speaking sweetly and softly, while maintaining silence to the extent possible. When you hear the crows outside making noise, you want to chase them away. Whereas, the cuckoo sings so sweetly that you want to hear it continuously, so also, you should speak in such a way as to make people want to hear you and feel happy.

Next is air pollution. Let me refer to an article by Mr. Karanjia, the editor of ‘Blitz’ magazine. He wrote, “In the early hours of the morning as the devotees walk around Prasanthi Nilayam, the abode of peace, in that sacred valley, surrounded by hills, we find devotees chanting ‘Omkara’, everywhere it is filled with the resonance of Omkara. It is reminiscent of the glorious past. As they go around singing the glories of God, the air is purified.” Yes! Man today knows how to exploit, but he does not know how to express his gratitude to God. During the festival of Dasara, yagnas are performed. Yagnas are acts of gratitude to God for His beautiful creation. The mantras chanted during the Yagnas purifies the atmosphere. This beautiful creation is nothing but His Reflection – “Sarvam Vishnumayam Jagath”. Everything has a purpose. So, the solution to air pollution is repetition of “Omkara”. The solution to noise pollution is to speak sweetly and softly.

Next is water pollution. Since the drinking water has become so polluted, Bhagavan Himself has taken up the water project in Anantapur district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, where today protected drinking water scheme is implemented. Life fluid of the cells is ‘Protoplasm’. It contains 90% of water. So, water is Divine. It is the life sustaining force. Bhagavan has provided drinking water to seven hundred villages at a cost of nearly six hundred crores. Remember that water is Divine! We should not pollute and waste the gift of water, as it is the life-giving force. Therefore, my friends, I think I could do justice in conveying Bhagavan’s viewpoints on air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution. For all pollution, the solution lies in chanting His name and contemplating on His form.

Jai Sai Ram.

Universal & Practical Teachings of Bhagavan Sri Sathya Sai Baba, Chapter 21